As a result, much of our development occurs in a rather stimulating environment, which is both a challenge and a source of opportunity even so, a great deal of development occurs. Factors affecting prenatal development essay 1145 words. For this reason, genetics play a particularly important role in prenatal development. The importance of prenatal care varies from culture to culture. Prenatal development occurs when the single celled zygote develops into a fullterm infant. The process of growth and development within the womb, in which a singlecell zygote the cell formed by the combination of a sperm and an egg becomes an embryo, a fetus, and then a baby. Study on the benefits of prenatal kinetoprophilaxy regarding the.
Prenatal determinants of early behavioral and cognitive development. Little was known about prenatal development until fairly recently. Much of development is generated by the fetus itself. Prenatal development introduction compared to the newborns of other species, human newborns are quite helpless, dependent and underdeveloped at birth. The prenatal period of development is a time of physical growth, but whats going on inside the brain is critical for future psychological development. The importance of prenatal care during pregnancy cannot be overstated. In order to have a healthy baby at the end of the term, there are a few factors which have to be. It is not shown on the corporate balance sheet, but it influences appreciably the growth, progress, profits and the share values, than any other corporate assets. Recent investigations suggest that certain factors play an important role in the development of a child during prenatal period.
Streeter 3 divided the human embryonal period into 23 developmental horizons, and his classification is the basis of the carnegie staging system of human prenatal development. Having a healthy pregnancy is one of the best ways to promote a healthy birth. According to the national institutes of health nih, 20, routine prenatal care is important because it can reduce the risk of complications to the. All the instructions needed to direct their activities are contained within the chemical dna.
Promoting healthy prenatal development prenatal development is divided into three distinct stages these are the zygote, embryo and the real sense these three periods are a representation of continuous phases of development during which the developing organism is sustained and protected by amniotic sac. It is essential to maintain regular medical care during pregnancy including regular checkups and prenatal testing. Recent investigations suggest that certain factors play an important role in the development of a child during the prenatal period. Prenatal development, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth. Ideally, youll start taking prenatal vitamins before conception. The importance of early childhood experiences for brain development children are born ready to learn, and have many skills to learn over many years. Background the prenatal exposure to maternal n6 and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids pufas might influence the development of social competence and internalizing and externalizing behaviours of. This chapter considers the possibility that they areat least in partlearned before birth, as the fetus becomes familiar with the. The streeter term horizon was replaced in the newer classifications by the old term stage used first by mall 5 in 1914. Environmental influences cont hivaids virus may cross placenta during pregnancy, labordelivery, or breast milk biggest risk. Prenatal development is a time of remarkable change that helps set the stage for future psychological development. Conception conception is the union of the mothers and fathers sex cells, also known as gametes or germ cells. Differences in the prenatal and postnatal definition of the samples are due to.
In order to avoid such it is important for young girls. However, pregnancy can be viewed as a normal condition by many hispanic and. The critical importance of the first years of life is well acknowledged. The brain development that takes place during the prenatal period helps set the course for what will take place outside the womb. Its important to remember that having a healthy pregnancy is one of the best ways to have a healthy baby. Women understand the significance of seeking early medical treatment to ensure fetal development is monitored as well as their own health. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life. Although the vast majority of mothers giving birth in developed countries receive prenatal care, past research has not found compelling evidence that early or adequate prenatal. The broad goal of contemporary prenatal care is to promote the health of the mother, child, and family through the pregnancy, delivery, and the childs development. Using a birth cohort of 24,690 children, derived from the west midlands general practice research database, we investigated a number. Factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. In fact, its generally a good idea for women of reproductive age to regularly take a prenatal vitamin. Describe the stages of prenatal development and the significance of prenatal care.
Genetics has a fundamental role in fetal life development. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life, and it is important that the mother receives prenatal care. While you might think of child development as something that begins during infancy, the prenatal period is also considered an important part of the developmental process. Each of the stages of prenatal development is very important to the development of a healthy happy baby. The etiology of allergic disease is not understood, but a decreased exposure to infection may play an important role. Fetal growth from mid to late pregnancy is associated with infant development. Prenatal education is an important component of supporting healthy pregnancies. Compare the images to see the growth of the fetus in each. Lewis, chris smith, and richard hubbard division of respiratory medicine, university of nottingham, nottingham, united kingdom. After 10 weeks, the developing human is called a fetus, which means little one or unborn offspring. Prenatal period chapter ii child and adolescent period 2. Cell division begins 12 hours after fertilization and continues throughout. Pregnancy is not a walk in the park, and having the guidance of an experienced medical professional along the way is invaluable. Pre pregnancy and prenatal care can help prevent complications and inform women about important steps they can take to protect their infant and ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Define and differentiate between various infant reflexes. These publications, plus same roff and chandler 1975, fra me this articles. Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. The babys neural tube, which becomes the brain and spinal cord, develops during the first month of pregnancy perhaps before you. The influence of nature and nurture in prenatal development. Information about prenatal development has been gathered from many sources. Prenatal care is important to keep the mother and her baby healthy. Environmental influences cont maternal factors stress unusual stress during pregnancy at elevated risk of malformations. Pdf for decades, researchers have investigated how events in the prenatal. Three broad domains of early child development contribute to health, and have a role to play in health equity, across the life course.
The zygote is transformed into an embryo and then a fetus through the processes of. Prenatal development is the process that occurs during the 40 weeks prior to the birth of a child. Factors affecting prenatal development papers in the ssrn. Explain how the developing embryo and fetus may be harmed by the presence of teratogens and describe what a mother can do to reduce her risk. This care can begin even before pregnancy with a prepregnancy care visit to a health care provider. Prenatal care is the health care women receive during pregnancy. The brain develops over the course of the prenatal period, but it will continue to go through more changes. Low folic acid levels put babies at risk for neural tube defects like spina bifida, low birth weight, premature birth, and miscarriage. Conception occurs when an egg from the mother is fertilized by a sperm from the father. Prenatal development boundless psychology lumen learning. A prepregnancy care visit can help women take steps toward a.
Nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. These nine months are divided into three 3month periods called trimesters. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a childs personality at later stages of life. The first two weeks of development are concerned with simple cell multiplication. Each stage is characterized by defined external and internal features. The importance of prenatal exposures on the development of allergic disease a birth cohort study using the west midlands general practice database tricia m. The course of this prenatal development is divided into three main periods. Prenatal determinants of early behavioral and cognitive. In the united states prenatal care is viewed as essential. Interesting question to ask class is when fetus may feel pain.
Nature and nurture hold a close relationship where without the other, each on its own, is not capable of providing empirical evidence for development itself. This happens in a sequence of stages, which are primarily known as germinal, embryotic and the fetal stage. Prenatal development introduction to psychology lumen learning. This process can be divided into three distinct stages. Getting early and regular prenatal care improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy. Prenatal development nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development.
Without it, expectant mothers risk both their own lives and the lives of the children they carry. Read about the changes that take place during each trimester in figure 19. During each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors can affect development. Prenatal development tthe sperm and ovum that unite to form the new individual are uniquely suited for the task of reproduction. The importance of prenatal exposures on the development of. Folic acid plays a critical role in a babys neural tube development. Prenatal education promotes the maintenance of healthy lifestyles during pregnancy, helping expectant mothers manage stress, support a healthy diet, avoid harmful chemicals and situations, recognize warning signs and symptoms that mean something may be wrong with their. The importance of prenatal care during pregnancy is huge. Cells are the basic working units of every living system. Genetics have a crucial role in forming who we are.
For example, a 15year old girl who is sexually active for two years and exposed to teratogen elements is likely to have an abnormal fetus development when impregnated. Nowadays, development and monitoring of pregnancy, along with the properly so called birth and newborn condition have an important role in public health, both. Importance of management development executive talent is the most important asset of an organisation. Moreover, it is impossible to attain a full understanding of human development without knowing what goes on during this essential period of life. Characteristics of the period prenatal development o how life begins o ovulation, fertilization, conception o genetic and chromosomal abnormalities o multiple births o in vitro fertilization stagesperiods of prenatal development environmental effects on prenatal. During each prenatal stage, environmental factors affect the development of the fetus. They depend on parents, family members, and other caregivers as their first teachers to develop the right skills to become independent and lead healthy and successful lives. Prenatal summary the endowment for human development.